flick of the switch

[[e-mail]]

What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?

Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?

Thanks. Paul.

[Luca Baker]

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?
Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?
Thanks. Paul.

they did a thing.

[s***@yahoo.com]

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?
Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?

As to the last sentence..
o there was paper tape, see ASR 33 .. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletype_Model_33 .. some thing I never used.
o there was audio tape, i.e. reel to reel or cassette, ref https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX_Spectrum ..
Which I'd used, a micro-cassette connected to a ZX 81 and a portable B&W TV with a 6" screen for output & BASIC in ROM.
-- which brings up the point of having BASIC in ROM and using BASIC peek & poke as a program loading technique for a binary program. The IBM 5150 has BASIC in ROM, and a cassette interface circuitry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer

As to the prior sentences..
This Altair 8800 article..
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altair_8800
..has pictures of the front panel, which seems is self-explanatory as to the switches and selections.
Very early on, the front panel was the way to enter the Loader Program, byte by byte, address by value, into memory to bootstrap a program (say an interpreter like BASIC or an OS. Later, this Loader was placed into ROM to automate 'load and go'.

hth,

Steve

Post by ***@gmail.com
Thanks. Paul.

[[e-mail]]

Post by s***@yahoo.com
This Altair 8800 article..

Thanks for that article. That filled in a lot of gaps in
my knowledge.

BFN. Paul.

[Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson]

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?

I wasn't there, so I can't speak from personal experience,
but I believe machines programmable with punch cards could
be bootstrapped by punching in the object code -- sometimes
by hand -- and then feed the cards to the 'puter. Of course
that means some sort of loader/executor was already there,
either in hardware, or entered through some sort of front panel.

Post by ***@gmail.com
Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?

Some people could read the drum memory, to see what was going on,
by eyeball.

[Kerr-Mudd, John]

On Wed, 16 Feb 2022 15:26:11 +0000

Post by Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?

I wasn't there, so I can't speak from personal experience,
but I believe machines programmable with punch cards could
be bootstrapped by punching in the object code -- sometimes
by hand -- and then feed the cards to the 'puter. Of course
that means some sort of loader/executor was already there,
either in hardware, or entered through some sort of front panel.

Post by ***@gmail.com
Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?

Some people could read the drum memory, to see what was going on,
by eyeball.

news:alt.folkore.computers
is the place to ask; xposted

[Scott Lurndal]

Post by Johann 'Myrkraverk' Oskarsson

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?

I wasn't there, so I can't speak from personal experience,
but I believe machines programmable with punch cards could
be bootstrapped by punching in the object code -- sometimes
by hand -- and then feed the cards to the 'puter. Of course
that means some sort of loader/executor was already there,
either in hardware, or entered through some sort of front panel.

Indeed. My first professional job was to replace a punched-card
bootstrap with a floppy-based bootstrap on a Burroughs mainframe.

There were various forms of binary 80- (and 96-) column cards
used by various manufacturers - Some Burroughs machines
punched three bytes over two 12-row columns, other used
6-bit codes one per column (the PDP-8/12 also used 6-bit
codes which were half of a 12-bit word).

The Burroughs machines also allowed programming the processor
via a maintenance panel (hardware on the B3500(1966) with switches
and nixie tubes, software on the B4900(1979) and successors using a
8085-based maintenance processor to access scan chains on the
host).

[wolfgang kern]

Post by ***@gmail.com
What is the worst people had to do, presumably on
early computers, to get a program/OS loaded? Did
you have to enter a program one byte at a time with
a set of 8 switches? Did you have another set of
16 switches for the address in memory, and then
press an "enter" switch?
Were there lights to see what was already at a
particular address? And after all that effort, what
was the mechanism to save the entered data to
permanent storage, and load it again?

Yes, all of it (switches,lamps and buttons) on my NOVA II,
8KB magnetic core memory needed 30 Ampere to write to it,
but it also had an impressive 100KB 3M cassette drive.
__
wolfgang